tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5844246780798251732024-03-05T17:30:06.122-06:00Otter and ArthurDave Whitaker's children's novel unfolds the events leading up to Arthur pulling the sword from the stone and becoming king - with the help of a mouse.Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.comBlogger38125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-56240862813176159322020-03-05T01:45:00.001-06:002020-03-05T01:46:11.291-06:00Character Study: Guinevere<table><TR><TD>
Guinevere (also Gwenhwyfar, Gwenivar, Guenevere or Guenever) is the the wife of King Arthur. She was first introduced to Arthurian legend by Geoffrey of Monmouth in <a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/02/important-arthurian-works-historia.html"><i>Historia Regum Britanniae</i></a>. In most Arthurian legend, Arthur and Guinevere never have any children.
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The 12th century poem <i>Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart</i> by Chrétien de Troyes, introduced the story in which Guinevere falls for Lancelot, Arthur's supreme knight and best friend. It became canon, most notably in Sir Thomas Malory's <i>Le Morte d'Arthur</i>. The love triangle story was the focus of the 1960 Broadway musical <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camelot_(musical)"><i>Camelot</i></a>.
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<TD><center><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-sUClvr0qjFB9OCGQqjIyHGAqy3_Lyidaf2nE1FKVB1cPGCoz27Ia02sBqOX8yIcwmjK67J7SFtVDeWZsOYsKlwThYV3S728jHTdwVFvB3giQ_QuVeCvHkHeKfGciT5YHzUgBlf2UFmU/s320/guinnevere.jpg" width=200><p><i>image from <a href="http://thegrandmalogbook.blogspot.com/2018/08/queen-guinevere-adultery-in-middle-age.html"></i>The Grandma Logbook</a></center></TD>
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She is the daughter of King Leodegrance in French chivalric romances and later works based on them, most notably <i>Le Morte d'Arthur</i>. Her father served Arthur's father, Uther Pendragon. It is a common part of Arthurian legend that King Leodegrance gives Arthur the famous round table as a wedding present.
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In the <i>Otter and Arthur</i> series, Guinevere is introduced briefly in the first book, <i>Otter and Arthur and the Sword in the Stone</i>, and emerges as a strong female character in the second book, <i>Otter and Arthur and the Round Table</i>.
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<hr><b>Resources:</b><ul>
<li>Chrétien de Troyes (12th century). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancelot,_the_Knight_of_the_Cart"><i>Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart</i></a>
<li>Geoffrey of Monmouth (c. 1136). <a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/02/important-arthurian-works-historia.html"><i>Historia Regum Britanniae</i></a>
<li>Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe (1960). <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camelot_(musical)"><i>Camelot</i></a> (musical)
<li>Sir Thomas Malory (1485). <a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/03/important-arthurian-works-le-morte.html"><i>Le Morte d'Arthur</i></a>
<li>Wikipedia.org entry: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinevere">Guinevere</a>
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</TD></TR></table>Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-25431516487324456212020-03-04T22:52:00.000-06:002020-03-04T22:53:27.621-06:00Important Arthurian Legends: Sir Gawain & the Green Knight<table><TR valign="top">
<TD><center><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYqciHWlw50uiEiMiCgbrBjyy6gwEzr2KGYzdoYzgHSmiWMgLTHsfr0soWsDYBJQQkI4IQKHMyHrgiMIAumTFYwNTzN1zTE9GaO-8JX1ZeWZkNnyRuop4b2juC1z4cmILckU57-2ph0RWs/s400/g243_u119895_sirgawain.jpg" width=450><p><font size="-1"><i>image from <a href="http://brit1800.blogspot.com/2015/08/for-monday-sir-gawain-and-green-knight.html">British Literature to 1800</a> blog</i></font></center>
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Many of the tales associated with Arthurian legend aren’t actually stories featuring Arthur. One of the most famous is that of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. It originated as a 14th-century Middle English poem. Its original author (sometimes known as “The Pearl Poet”) is unknown, but it has been retold in many forms. The essence of the story is that of a knight on a quest.
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A mysterious green knight appears at Camelot during a feast sometime around Christmas or New Year’s and offers up a challenge to the knights present. Sir Gawain takes up the challenge and chops off the head of the green knight. However, the knight then picks up his head, puts it back on, and informs Gawain that his half of the deal will be due in one year. The green knight then gets his turn to drop the axe on Gawain’s neck.
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True to his word, Gawain sets out the next fall to find the Green Chapel, the home of the green knight. He has several adventures, but the most notable is meeting up with Lord Bertilak who puts Gawain up in his castle and promises to show him to the Green Chapel when the time is right. Gawain’s chivalry is tested by the lord’s tempting wife. Gawain passes the test which leads to him surviving the confrontation with the green knight. It turns out the green knight is actually Bertilak.
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The tale is relevant to <i>Otter and Arthur</i> in that Gawain’s confrontation with the green knight – and a search for the <a href="http://www.otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/03/legend-of-holy-grail.html">Holy Grail</a> – provides the inspiration for the as-yet unwritten third book in the series.
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<hr><b>Resources:</b><ul>
<li>Anonymous <a href="http://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cme/Gawain?rgn=main;view=fulltext">the original poem, as edited by J.R.R. Tolkien and E.V. Gordon</a> (late 14th century)
<li>A.S. Kline’s <a href="http://www.poetryintranslation.com/PITBR/English/GawainAndTheGreenKnight.htm">translation of the original poem</a> (2007)
<li>Michael Morpurgo (author) and Michael Foreman (illustrator): <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Gawain-Green-Knight-Michael-Morpurgo/dp/0763625191">adapted into an illustrated children’s book</a>
<li>Shmoop.com: <a href="http://www.shmoop.com/sir-gawain-green-knight/">Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: In a Nutshell</a>
<li>Jessie L. Weston’s <a href="http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/sggk.htm">prose translation of the original poem</a>
<li>Wikipedia.org: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight">Sir Gawain and the Green Knight</a>
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Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-24110111887685620972015-04-02T21:05:00.003-05:002015-04-02T21:57:52.267-05:00Otter and Arthur Books...and Other Titles by Dave Whitaker<table><tr>
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<i>Otter and Arthur and the Sword in the Stone</i> (2012) available at:
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<li><a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2012/08/buy-otter-and-arthur-and-sword-in-stone.html">OtterandArthur.com</a><br>
<li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Otter-Arthur-Sword-Stone-Whitaker/dp/1479106216/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1345952607&sr=1-3&keywords=otter+and+arthur">Amazon</a><br>
<li><a href="http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/otter-and-arthur-and-the-sword-in-the-stone-dave-whitaker/1112696960?ean=9781479106219">Barnes & Noble</a><br>
<li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00A8R4CRM">Kindle</a><br>
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<td><i>Otter and Arthur and the Round Table</i> (2013) available at:
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<li><a href="http://www.otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/11/otter-and-arthur-and-round-table-now.html">OtterandArthur.com</a><br>
<li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/Otter-Arthur-Round-Table-Whitaker/dp/149363576X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1428025580&sr=1-1&keywords=otter+and+arthur+and+the+round+table">Amazon</a><br>
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<td><hr>Check out other titles by Dave Whitaker at <a href="http://writbywhit.blogspot.com/p/titles.html">WritByWhit.com</a> or at <a href="http://www.amazon.com/David-L.-Whitaker/e/B001KMOGJI">David L. Whitaker's Amazon author page</a>.
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Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-76839720954917128012013-12-01T05:32:00.000-06:002015-04-02T23:58:51.996-05:00Book: Otter and Arthur and the Round Table<table width=100% border="0" cellpadding=0 cellspacing=5 align="center"><tr>
<td width="75%" align="left" valign="top"><p>The adventures of King Arthur and his best friend - a mouse nicknamed Otter - continue in this sequel to <A HREF="http://www.otterandarthur.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html"><i>Otter and Arthur and the Sword in the Stone</i></a>. Arthur’s sword, Excalibur, is stolen, and Otter must get it back. His journey involves a visit to Stonehenge, a confrontation with the evil sorceress Morgan, falling in love, and magically turning a pack of mice into a flock of invisible swallows. Otter also inspires Arthur’s vision of a new Britain, one ruled by peaceful discussions at a Round Table instead of with swords on the battlefield. However, it will never happen unless Otter can save Camelot from an impending dragon attack. 178 pages. <font size="-1">Catalog number: RTBK1013; Price: $12.00 </font>
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<td width="25%" align="center" valign="top"><IMG SRC=" https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/51ph0vgHXfL._UY250_.jpg " border="1" width=175 title="Otter and Arthur and the Round Table"></td>
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<p>You can buy signed copies directly from me by clicking on the button below. Copies are $12.00 each with NO postage & handling charges or taxes.<p>
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<p> The book is also available from <A HREF="http://www.amazon.com/Otter-Arthur-Round-Table-Whitaker/dp/149363576X/ref=as_sl_pc_wdgt_ex?&linkCode=waf&tag=davesmucom-20">Amazon</a>, but is priced at $12.95 and will still having postage & handling and taxes added to the price.
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Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-79034935011980034512013-11-20T19:30:00.000-06:002013-12-01T05:32:26.762-06:00Family Reading Night<table><TR>
<TD>On November 19, I had the wonderful privilege of talking to an audience of about 70 about my books. The focus was on my two works of fiction - <a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2012/08/buy-otter-and-arthur-and-sword-in-stone.html"><i>Otter and Arthur and the Sword in the Stone</i></a> and the just-released sequel <a href="http://www.otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/11/otter-and-arthur-and-round-table-now.html"><i>Otter and Arthur and the Round Table</i></a>.
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Of all the events I've done in support of my books, this has been my favorite. Why? Because it was at my kids' school.
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<table><TR><TD>I talked for about 45 minutes about the writing process, how I published my books, when I started writing, and what inspired me to write. I asked the kids what they knew about King Arthur (the basis for my <i>Otter and Arthur</i> books). Afterward, I sold and signed books. </TD></TR></table>
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<TD>My sons both got in on the act. In the photo at the left, my oldest son was helping collect money for books and distributing them. Meanwhile, at the end of the presentation my youngest son and his friends broke into an impromptu cheer for me!</TD>
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<TD>It was also a special treat to have Gen Goering, the cover artist, there. She signed books as well. Since she is also a parent at the school, it was nice to be able to showcase her work - including the original paintings which became the book covers.</TD>
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<table><TR><TD>Thank you to everyone who came and made this a very memorable event for me! </TD></TR></table><hr>Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-54700983238597339022013-11-03T11:23:00.000-06:002013-11-03T11:23:49.292-06:00My First Fan Mail!As I prepare to launch <i>Otter and Arthur and the Round Table</i> (cover image below), I want to express my gratitude to all the family, friends, and fans who supported the first book, <i>Otter and Arthur and the Sword in the Stone</i>. <p>
<center><img src="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51Dke8MRdTL._SY344_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg" width=200></center><p>
I received the proof for the <i>Round Table</i> book yesterday. That was exciting enough, but I also got this wonderful letter about the first book:
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<center><img src="http://whitgunn.freeservers.com/writbywhit/kimi_letter_01.jpg" width=500></center>
<p>No matter how many books I write, I don't know if anything can top being told I am someone's favorite author!<p>
<center><img src="http://whitgunn.freeservers.com/writbywhit/kimi_letter_02.jpg" width=500></center>
<p>The picture above is Kimi's own version of the cover of <i>Otter and Arthur and the Sword in the Stone</i>. With apologies to Gen Goering who created the original artwork, I might have to replace it with Kimi's work in subsequent reprints!<p>
<center><img src="http://whitgunn.freeservers.com/writbywhit/kimi_letter_03.jpg" width=500></center>
<p>As a self-published writer, I recognize I'll never sell a lot of books. It doesn't matter. It's about the joy of writing. However, writers don't just write so they can put a finished product in a drawer somewhere. They want their work to be appreciated. Kimi, you have no idea how much it means to me to have you take the time to write a letter and draw pictures for me! Thank you! You've made it all worthwhile! - Dave
Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-84934046496753268832013-10-09T21:47:00.002-05:002013-10-13T10:59:27.649-05:00Otter and Arthur sequel coming soon!<center><img src="http://images.wikia.com/merlin1/images/3/37/1_The_Round_table.png" width=450><p>image from <i>Merlin</i> BBC series as posted on wikia.com</center>
<p>The sequel to <i>Otter and Arthur and the Sword in the Stone</i> is coming soon! Here's a sample from <i>Otter and Arthur and the Round Table</i>:<p>
<center><b>Chapter 8: Stonehenge</b> (an excerpt)</center>
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Once we were a safe distance from Morgan’s castle, Ferdinand landed so we could reposition ourselves on his back. “That was incredible!” Dindra whooped. “Do you two live like this all the time?”
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Ferdinand and I smiled at each other. “To be honest,” I confessed, “it has been awhile since we’ve had any big adventures.”
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Dindra looked bewildered. “King Arthur? Camelot? Merlin? Flying on a falcon’s back?” She patted Ferdinand. “How could life ever be boring?”
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“Well, it just got interesting again recently,” I answered over my shoulder. Dindra, who had her arms wrapped around my waist, squeezed a little tighter and smiled.
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<center>* * *</center>
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We arrived at Stonehenge just as the sun was rising. “That,” said Dindra breathlessly, “is the most amazing sight I’ve ever seen.”
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“No people – and few animals – get a bird’s eye view of this,” Ferdinand replied. Dindra and I laughed.
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The stones were as tall as four men standing on each other’s shoulders. An outer circle wrapped around five sets of larger stones. A vast empty field surrounded the massive monument. “How do you think humans moved those huge rocks?” Dindra wondered aloud.
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I shook my head in amazement. “I don’t know. Just think, though. The same creatures who made this also invented war.”
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“Sometimes it is hard to believe people think they’re smarter than us,” Ferdinand added.
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He floated down and landed on one of the larger rocks in the center. I smiled upon seeing the two people who gave me hope for humanity: the sleeping figures of Arthur and Merlin. They had set up camp in the middle of the stone circle. A few glowing embers lingered from a campfire and two sleeping horses were tied to a smaller rock nearby.
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As I pondered some clever way to wake Arthur, Merlin sat up and looked straight at us and smiled. He seemed pleased, but unsurprised to see us.
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Ferdinand flapped down and Merlin patted him on the head. “Good morning,” the wizard said. “You two must have had quite the adventures.” Then he noticed Dindra. “Make that three.”
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“Who are you talking to, Merlin?” Arthur sat up and rubbed his eyes. “Otter!”
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I rushed to the king and gave him our traditional thumb-hug greeting. “What happened?” he asked. “What took you so long to get here? Are you okay?” Before I could answer, he raised an eyebrow and said, “I see you’ve got a friend with you.”
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I introduced Dindra and told Arthur and Merlin how she saved my life. However, I was focused on the urgency of our situation.
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“We have to get back!” I exclaimed. “Lot’s going to attack Dragon’s Head and take over Camelot!”
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Merlin smiled, looking unalarmed. “Sometimes when the perceived need is to hurry the best solution is to slow down.”
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I was annoyed with Merlin for staying so calm. <i>He’s probably had a vision of what’s going to happen,</i> I thought.
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He offered no explanation. Instead he gazed up at the orange hue slowly conquering the grey nighttime sky. “I believe I shall go for a ride. I’d like to enjoy the onset of this glorious day. Arthur, perhaps you can share your new idea with Otter.”
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Arthur stirred the coals of the campfire. Dindra and I settled down on a nearby rock.
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“Pretty amazing, isn’t it?” Arthur asked as he took a seat and gazed up at the stones surrounding us. “I bet you’re wondering why Stonehenge was built.” Dindra and I shook our heads and Arthur continued. “Merlin told me people think it is a place for healing or studying the stars.” He paused and got a serious look on his face. “Otter, this is where my father is buried.”
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”Is that why Merlin brought you here?” I asked.
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Arthur nodded. “My father saw Stonehenge as a symbol of power and strength. That’s the kind of ruler he wanted to be. However, here’s my idea.” Arthur pulled his pack toward him. “Dindra, you’ll be interested to know it was Otter who made me think of this.” He pulled a loaf of bread out.
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I scratched my head. “Bread? That was my idea? How’s that going to make you a better leader?”
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“No,” Arthur laughed. “I thought you two might be hungry.” He tore off two chunks and handed them to us. “<i>This</i> was Otter’s idea,” he said, retrieving a piece of parchment. He laid it down and smoothed it out. It was a sketch of Stonehenge.
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“Stonehenge was <i>my</i> idea?”
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“Well, Stonehenge looks like a giant table to me. It reminded me of your first visit to Dragon’s Tail. Your uncle called a meeting of all the mouse village residents at a round stage. It’s how I’m going to lead Britain.”
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“From a round stage in a mouse village?” I munched on my bread and stared at Arthur.
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“No,” he chuckled. He waved his arm at the huge rocks surrounding us. “One person didn’t do this alone. If I want to unite Britain, I can’t do that alone. I’ll invite knights and leaders to Camelot to work together. We’ll sit at a round table. At a rectangular table, someone sits at the head and automatically seems more important. At a round table, everyone is equal.”
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<i>Hmm… can’t do it alone.</i> An idea was brewing about how I could get Excalibur back.
Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-13921952227013376992013-07-21T21:36:00.000-05:002013-07-21T21:36:36.009-05:00Important Arthurian Works: J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Fall of Arthur<table><TR valign="top">
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<i>The Fall of Arthur</i> is an unfinished poem by J.R.R. Tolkien which was written in an Old English alliterative style. Think <i>Beowulf</i>. The poem comprises about only about a fourth of the book, which is mostly an in-depth analysis of the work, and the works which inspired it, as dissected by Tolkien’s son, Christopher. This is a book for fanatics, be they fanatics of anything Tolkien wrote and/or or anything related to the history of Arthurian literature.
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Evidence suggests the poem was abandoned in 1937, the year <i>The Hobbit</i> was published. However, in a letter as late as 1955, he talked of his hope of finishing it someday, but alas, that time never came. Christopher Tolkien shows how his father’s work linked to Thomas Malory’s famous <i>Le Morte d’Arthur</i>, the alliterative <i>Morte Arthure</i>, and the French <i>Mort Artu</i>. Christopher also shows how this work related to Tolkien’s pre-<i>Hobbit</i> work, <i>The Silmarillion</i>.
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As for the abandoned story and its influences, the primary concern here is the demise of King Arthur. As Arthur and Sir Gawain fight oversees, Arthur’s nephew, Mordred, swoops in and takes over Camelot. The kingdom is further undone by the affair between Arthur’s wife, Guinevere, and his best knight, Lancelot.
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The poem, the manuscript notes, and Christopher Tolkien’s comments also reveal the intent of the poem to dissect how the ever-loyal Gawain confronted Lancelot and how Mordred and Arthur’s battle at Camlaan would lead the latter to Avalon to recover from mortal wounds.
<hr><b>Resources:</b><ul>
<li><a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Fall-Arthur-J-R-R-Tolkien/dp/0544115899/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1374458732&sr=8-1&keywords=the+fall+of+arthur">Amazon.com</a>
<li><i>The New York Times</i> “<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/23/books/review/the-fall-of-arthur-by-j-r-r-tolkien.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0">Legend Retold</a>” (21 June 2013). Written by Andrew O’Hehir.
<li><a href="http://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/The_Fall_of_Arthur">TolkeinGateway.net</a>
</ul></TD></TR></table><hr>
Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-61060542948653512072013-05-18T18:33:00.000-05:002013-08-24T15:02:23.628-05:00Book Signing: Otter and Arthur and the Sword in the Stone<table><TR><TD><center><img src="https://sphotos-b.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-prn1/942472_330233827106040_151369187_n.jpg" width=400></center>
<p>Thanks to everyone who came out to my book signing at Shawnee Books & Toys! With more than 40 attendees and 18 book sales, it was a success. I did a couple of readings, signed books, and enjoyed mingling with friends, family, and brand new fans.
<p><center><img src="https://sphotos-b.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-frc3/q71/s720x720/954827_330233713772718_714217683_n.jpg" width=500></center>
</TD></TR></table>
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While the focus was on my first work of children's fiction, <i>Otter and Arthur and the Sword in the Stone</i>, I also had a dozen other books with me. </TD>
<TD><center><img src="https://sphotos-a.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-frc3/q71/s720x720/968915_330233863772703_1314521644_n.jpg" width=200></center></TD>
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<p>Thanks to my wife for providing treats, including (of course) a cheese plate to go with the mouse theme.</TD>
<TD><img src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-h-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-prn2/q71/s720x720/984222_330233920439364_1210312644_n.jpg" width=200></TD>
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<TD>I started out discussing the writing process and how the book came about. Then I did a couple of readings from <i>Otter and Arthur and the Sword in the Stone</i>. </TD>
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<TD><img src="https://sphotos-b.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ash3/q71/s720x720/941315_330233947106028_1141136056_n.jpg" width=275></TD>
<TD><img src="https://sphotos-b.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-frc3/q71/s720x720/431056_330233997106023_970705204_n.jpg" width=275></TD>
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<TD><img src="https://fbcdn-sphotos-g-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-ash3/q71/s720x720/943241_330234133772676_2099761044_n.jpg" width=275></TD>
<TD><img src="https://sphotos-b.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-prn2/q77/s720x720/954721_330234053772684_872618163_n.jpg" width=275></TD>
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<TD>There were also a few door prizes and then I signed books. </TD>
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<TD><img src="https://sphotos-a.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-prn2/q71/s720x720/970613_330234180439338_2139359205_n.jpg" width=275></TD>
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<TD>Then I got a chance to hand out with friends and family!
<p><center><img src="https://sphotos-a.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-prn2/q71/s720x720/960158_331920490270707_1297532412_n.jpg" width=400></center>
<p>Special thanks go out to: <ul>
<li>my wife, Becky Gunn, for providing the treats
<li>my writing group peers who turned out to support me
<li>Nicole Cunningham, who took the photographs
<li>my sons' Campfire group for making this their event of the month
<li>friends, family, and fans who showed up to support me
<li>and, of course, Shawnee Books & Toys for sponsoring the event!
</ul>
<p><center><iframe src="http://rcm-na.amazon-adsystem.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=davesmucom-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=1479106216" style="width:120px;height:240px;" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" frameborder="0"></iframe></center>
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<hr>Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-51273998980750878312013-04-23T20:51:00.002-05:002013-05-06T14:11:47.501-05:00Upcoming Book Signing: May 18<b>Event:</b> Author Dave Whitaker will be signing copies of <i>Otter and Arthur and the Sword in the Stone</i>.
<p>
<b>Date:</b> May 18, 2013 <br>
<b>Time:</b> 12:00 pm to 2:00 pm <br>
<b>Place:</b> Shawnee Books & Toys <br>
<b>Address:</b> 7311 Quivira Rd, Shawnee, Kansas 66216 <br>
<p><center><img src="http://cdn6.aweber-static.com/hosted/logo/2400966?etag=51JTCqbW7rdTSI9bPC9VbX" width=400></center>
<p>You can sign up for the event on Facebook at <a href="https://www.facebook.com/events/350239818411491/?ref=14">Book Signing - Dave Whitaker - Otter and Arthur</a>.
<hr>
Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-57239948741451914912013-04-03T22:13:00.000-05:002020-03-04T23:57:03.917-06:00Important Arthurian Works: Culhwch and Olwen<table><TR valign="top">
<TD>
Evidence has suggested that this Welsh prose tale dates to the 11th century, which could make it the earliest Arthurian tale. The work has been preserved in the manuscript, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Book_of_Hergest"><i>Red Book of Hergest</i></a>, and in partial form in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Book_of_Rhydderch"><i>White Book of Rhydderech</i></a>. It has also been included as part of Lady Charlotte Guest’s collection of translations of eleven medieval Welsh prose stories, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabinogion"><i>The Mabinogion</i></a>. The story has been cited as an influence on J.R.R. Tolkien’s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion"><i>The Silmarillion</i></a>.
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<TD><center><a href="http://www.alibris.com/booksearch.detail?invid=10823648475&browse=1&isbn=9780708310069&qsort=&page=1"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmv_Hg9dKWC8XlqMPVr25T_AFIuHq6V4jWlBm1TpuppKwBg-mYhrSNtAiPwDQcBGVckjPt5B11FbIBd7ZMcRhiJJ9FQYrfZdhbT4U6ic5GbMYKerNoP_IJDtTc7HKV5MRPMRlFDvdidRo/s320/culhwch+ac+olwen.gif" width=150><br><font size="-1">Click to order.</font></a></center></TD>
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The story focuses on Culhwch, the son of a king, and Olwen, the daughter of a giant named Ysbaddaden. Culhwch turns to his famous cousin, Arthur, for assistance in winning the beautiful Olwen away from her father. Ysbaddaden has given Culhwch a series of seemingly impossible tasks to complete before he will grant his daughter’s hand in marriage. Some of the challenges and quests with which Culhwch is tasked carved a blueprint for some of the more famous Arthurian legends, including the search for the Holy Grail.
<hr><b>Resources:</b><ul>
<li>Lady Charlotte Guest <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabinogion"><i>The Mabinogion</i></a> (1838-1849)
<li>Lady Charlotte Guest <a href="http://www.ancienttexts.org/library/celtic/ctexts/culhwch.html"><i>Culhwch ac Olwen</i></a> (online translation)
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Book_of_Hergest"><i>Red Book of Hergest</i></a> (c. 1400)
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Book_of_Rhydderch"><i>White Book of Rhydderech</i></a> (c. 1325)
<li>J.R.R. Tolkien <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion"><i>The Silmarillion</i></a> (1977)
<li>UIdaho.edu: <a href="http://www.uiweb.uidaho.edu/student_orgs/arthurian_legend/origins/olwen.html">Culhwch and Olwen</a>
<li>Wikipedia.org: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culhwch_and_Olwen">Culhwch and Olwen</a>
</ul></TD></TR></table><hr>
Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-89874169780327034982013-03-24T05:05:00.000-05:002013-03-24T05:05:21.254-05:00Important Arthurian Works: Chrétien de Troyes<table><TR valign="top">
<TD>In the late 12th century, Frenchman Chrétien de Troyes was a poet in the court of Marie, countess of Champagne, suggesting he may have been a court poet. He wrote five major poems in eight-syllable rhyming couplets:
<ul>
<li><i>Érec et Énide</i> (c. 1165-1170)
<li><i>Cligès</i> (c. 1176)
<li><i>Yvain, the Knight of the Lion</i> (c. 1171-1181)
<li><i>Lancelot, le Chevalier de la Charrette (Lancelot, the King of the Cart)</i> (c. 1177-1181)
<li><i>Perceval, le Conte du Graal (Perceval, the Story of the Grail)</i> (c. 1181-1190)
</ul>
<TD><center><iframe src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=davesmucom-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=0253207878" style="width:120px;height:240px;" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" frameborder="0"></iframe></center></TD>
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The first four were finished, but <i>Perceval</i> was not. He finished only 9000 lines, but 54,000 lines were added by four other writers. These works, especially the latter two, are significant for introducing the character of Lancelot and the quest for the Holy Grail to Arthurian legend. Those tales were expanded in the <a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-vulgate-cycle.html">Vulgate Cycle</a> in the first half of the next century.
<hr><b>Resources:</b><ul>
<li>Brtiannica.com: <a href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/114817/Chretien-de-Troyes">Chrétien de Troyes</a>
<li>LegendofKingArthur.co.uk: <a href="http://www.legendofkingarthur.co.uk/literature/chretien-de-troyes.htm">Chrétien de Troyes</a>
<li>Princeton.edu: <a href="http://www.princeton.edu/~lancelot/romance.html">Background Information on Chrétien de Troyes’ <i>Le Chevalier de la Charrette</i></a>
<li><a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-vulgate-cycle.html">Vulgate Cycle</a> (1225-1240)
<li>Wikipedia.org: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes">Chrétien de Troyes</a>
</ul></TD></TR></table><hr>
Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-46690191128339998072013-03-23T00:58:00.001-05:002013-03-24T04:58:27.032-05:00Important Arthurian Works: The Vulgate Cycle<table><TR valign="top">
<TD>
The Vulgate Cycle consisted of five French prose volumes written in the early 13th century (c. 1225-1240) by an unknown author or authors, although they are sometimes attributed to Walter Map, a clerk for King Henry II. There is also speculation that one person may have outlined the cycles but several authors (possibly the Cistercian monks) wrote them.
<p>
The Vulgate Cycle, also known as the Lancelot-Grail Cycle, makes Lancelot and the story of the Holy Grail the main focuses. The stories expanded on ideas introduced by French poet Chrétien de Troyes and may have derived from other sources as well, including Geoffrey of Monmouth. They are a major influence on Thomas Malory’s <i>Le Morte d’Arthur</i>.
</TD>
<TD><center><img src="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41bCzELe-nL._SY320_.jpg" width=200><p><font size="-1">book cover from <i>The History of the Holy Grail</i>, image from Amazon.com</center></font><p></TD>
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The five volumes are:<ul>
<li><i>Estoire du Graal</i> (History of the Grail), c. 1240. This is a reworking of French poet Robert de Boron’s <i>Joseph of Arimathea</i> (c. 1200), which keys in on the story of Joseph of Arimathea taking the Holy Grail to Britain.
<li><i>Estoire de Merlin</i> (History of Merlin), aka <i>Vulgate Merlin</i> or <i>Prose Merlin</i>, c. 1240. This is a prose adaptation of Boron’s <i>Merlin</i>. It tells stories of Arthur’s early years, such as the circumstances of his birth, how he was raised by Sir Ector, educated by Merlin, and how he becomes king via the sword in the stone. The book ends with the death of Merlin at the hands of Nimue, the Lady of the Lake.
<li><i>Lancelot Propre</i> (Lancelot Proper), c. 1225. The story focuses on Lancelot instead of King Arthur. Among the stories are the knight’s birth, how he was raised by the Lady of the Lake, how his befriending of the giant Galehaut, his rescue of Guinevere from abduction, and the birth of Lancelot’s son, Galahad.
<li><i>Queste del Saint Graal</i> (Quest of the Holy Grail), c. 1230. Sir Galahad is introduced as the one pure knight who can sit at the Siege Perilous, the designated seat at King Arthur’s Round Table for the one who will lead the Grail quest.
<li><i>La Mort de roi Artu</i> (The Death of King Arthur), c. 1235. This volume details the adultery of Lancelot and Guinevere and how Mordred (introduced here as Arthur’s son for the first time) destroyed Camelot and killed Arthur.
</ul><p>Following the five volumes of the Vulgate Cycle were a collection which is known as the Post-Vulgate Cycle. Written between 1230-1250, these were essentially a reworking of the Vulgate Cycle with parts omitted (much of the love affair between Lancelot and Guinevere), other parts emphasized more (Holy Grail), and some additional stories added (Tristan).
<hr><b>Resources:</b><ul>
<li>Britaanica.com: <a href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/633464/Vulgate-cycle">Vulgate Cycle</a>
<li>Jones’ Celtic Encyclopedia: <a href="http://www.maryjones.us/jce/vulgate.html">The Vulgate Cycle</a>
<li>King Arthur: A Man for the Ages <a href="http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/4186/Arthur/htmlpages/legendliterature3.html">The Vulgate Cycle</a>
<li>Norris J. Lacy, editor. (1992-96). <i>Lancelot-Grail: The Old French Arthurian Vulgate and Post Vulgate in Translation</i> (5 volumes). New York: Garland.
<li>TimelessMyths.com: <a href="http://www.timelessmyths.com/arthurian/vulgate.html">Vulgate Cycle</a>
<li>Wikipedia entry: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancelot-Grail">Lancelot-Grail</a>
<li>Wikipedia entry: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Vulgate_Cycle">Post Vulgate Cycle</a>
</ul></TD></TR></table><hr>
Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-3766117873429261582013-03-17T16:01:00.000-05:002020-03-23T02:57:13.994-05:00Legend of the Holy Grail<table><TR valign="top">
<TD>
The story of the Holy Grail is one of the most prominent stories which features into Arthurian legend. Like many of the tales associated with King Arthur, it has a historical basis, but over generations of retelling the story, it has taken on different twists.
<p>
Historically, the grail is considered to be some sort of container - generally a goblet - although this varies. There may be a basis of a cauldron with special powers in Celtic myth. The grail also portrayed as the cup from which Christ drank at the Last Supper and/or also may have been the chalice used to collect his blood after his crucifixion.
<p>
Joseph of Arimathea - who has been theorized to be Christ's great uncle - is, depending on the account, thought to be the person who brought the grail to England. It has specifically been tied to Glastonbury, which is generally considered the site of Avalon in Arthurian legend. It also considered to be the site of the first Christian church in England, built by Joseph of Arimathea.
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<TD><center><img src="http://home.messiah.edu/~tp1180/HolyGrail.jpg" width=200><p><i>image from messiah.edu</i></center></TD>
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Chrétien de Troyes introduced the Holy Grail to Arthurian legend via his unfinished work, <i>Le Conte du Graal</i> (c. 1185), also known as <i>Perceval le Gallois</i>. The knight Perceval (later called Sir Galahad) encounters the Fisher King, who is stuck in limbo between life and death. Perceval is tasked with the quest of retrieving the Holy Grail, which will relieve the Fisher King of his suffering.
<p>
French poet Robert de Boron also took up the tale with three books, of which only <i>Joseph d' Arimathea</i> (c. 1200), has survived in tact. It has been retold as one of the Vulgate cycles in <i>Estoire de Saint Graal</i> (c. 1240). Fragments of the second, <i>Merlin</i>, exist and the third, <i>Perceval</i>, is lost. <i>Didot Perceval</i> (c. 1205) is considered a version of the latter, written anonymously in prose. In <i>Joseph d' Arimathea</i>, Boron extends the story of Perceval by introducing the idea that he is the pure knight who can sit at Siege Perilous, a special seat at the Round Table.
<p><center><img src="https://pantheon.org/gallery/thumbnails/f04idqtasd97fsux.jpg" width=400><p><i>image from pantheon.org</i></center><p>
In the context of the Otter and Arthur stories, the grail is shaping up to be the centerpiece of a possible third book, <i>Otter and Arthur and the Holy Grail</i>. While there is only a rough sketch at this time, the basic premise of the story may be that it is Sir Gawain who seeks the Holy Grail, an idea first put forth in Heinrich von dem Türlin's poem <i>Diu Crône</i> (c. 1220), which in English means "The Crown."
</TD></TR></table>
<table><TR><TD><hr><b>Resources:</b><ul>
<li>Robert de Boron (c. 1200). <i>Joseph d' Arimathea</i>
<li>Robert de Boron (c. 1200). <i>Merlin</i>
<li>Robert de Boron (c. 1200). <i>Perceval</i>
<li>Chrétien de Troyes (c. 1185). <i>Le Conte du Graal</i> or <i>Perceval le Gallois</i>
<li><i>Didot Perceval</i> (c. 1205)
<li>Justin E. Griffin (2001). <i>The Holy Grail: The Legend, the History, the Evidence</i>. McFarland & Company, Inc.: Jefferson, NC, and London.
<li>TimelessMyths.com: <a href="http://www.timelessmyths.com/arthurian/quest1.html">Grail Legend: Perceval's Tradition</a>
<li>Heinrich von dem Türlin (c. 1220). <i>Diu Crône</i>
<li><a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-vulgate-cycle.html">Vulgate Cycle</a> <i>Estoire de Saint Graal</i> (c. 1240)
<li>Wikipedia.org: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Grail">The Holy Grail</a>
</ul><hr>
</TD></TR></table>Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-18744572968568852292013-03-12T00:39:00.000-05:002013-03-23T02:50:09.977-05:00Character Study: King LotIn Arthurian legend, King Lot is generally the king of Lothian and sometimes Orkney and Norway <sup>GM</sup> as well. There is historical basis as there appears to have been a king in the fifth century in the Lothian area who was headquartered near Edinburgh. <sup>RC</sup>
<p>
Lot is typically considered the father of Sir Gawain, one of the Knights of the Round Table. Depending on the source, he is married either to King Arthur's half-sister Anna <sup>GM</sup> or Morgause. <sup>TM</sup> There is even an argument to be made that he was married to Morgan Le Fay. <sup>RL</sup>
<p>
Lot is sometimes portrayed as an ally of Arthur's <sup>GM</sup> and at other times the leader of a rebellion against him. Some accounts have Lot taking over the British armies after Uther Pendragon, Arthur's father, became ill. However, when Uther died and Arthur was named king, Lot rebelled. <sup>EBK</sup> In some versions, Lot is defeated at Bedegraine and then becomes Arthur's ally. <sup>PV</sup> In other versions of the story, Lot remains a bitter enemy of Arthur until he is killed by King Pellinore. <sup>TM</sup>
<p><center><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0DY-TJd8QxW8dBjYVEWqvcB7swM__nZef2-ThGi4Vj-pElofybrLRzYymkacO5pVOQZEqQFqQ4L1NSN7nCQd3GeGALyQC9LNQ1sLd348NGifhv8Fsy6f1LG5TQznN2alrzPrRFneDpvc/s1600/30+king+lot+james+purefoy.jpg" width=400><p><i>King Lot as portrayed by James Perefoy in 2011's 'Camelot,'<br>image from violetjovovich.blogspot.com</i></center><p>
In <i>Otter and Arthur and the Round Table</i>, Lot is King Arthur's primary enemy. Lot had a bitter rivalry with Uther Pendragon, Arthur's father, and maintained his desire to destroy the family after Arthur came to power. This hatred against Arthur is deepened when Lot marries Arthur's sister, Morgan (a composite of Anna, Morgause, and Morgan Le Fay). They bear a child, Mordred, who will maintain the hatred against Arthur.
<p><i>Also see <a href="http://www.otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2012/10/character-study-morgan.html">Morgan's character study</a>.</i>
<hr><b>Resources:</b><ul>
<li><sup>RC</sup> Ronan Coghlan <i>The Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Arthurian Legends</i> Barnes & Noble Books. (1993)
<li><sup>EBK</sup> <a href="http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/bios/lot.html">EarlyBritishKingdoms.com</a>
<li><sup>GM</sup> Geoffrey of Monmouth <a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/02/important-arthurian-works-historia.html"><i>Historia Regum Britanniae</i></a> (c. 1136)
<li><a href="http://www.kingarthursknights.com/others/lot.asp">KingArthursKnights.com</a>
<li><sup>RL</sup> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Sherman_Loomis">Wikipedia entry on Roger Sherman Loomis (authority on Arthurian literature)</a>
<li><sup>TM</sup> Thomas Malory's <a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/03/important-arthurian-works-le-morte.html"><i>Le Morte d'Arthur</i></a> (1485)
<li><sup>PV</sup> <a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-vulgate-cycle.html"><i>Post-Vulgate Cycle</i></a> (c. 1230-1240)
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Lot">Wikipedia entry on King Lot</a>
</ul>
<hr>Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-26120831722968065332013-02-17T02:40:00.000-06:002013-03-23T14:59:30.269-05:00Important Arthurian Works: Historia Regum Britanniae<table><TR valign="top">
<TD>
Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote <i>Historia Regum Britanniae</i> (The History of the Kings of Britain) sometime between 1135 and 1139. It is, as Wikipedia says, a “pseudohistorical account of British history”beginning with the settlement of Britain and continuing until the Anglo-Saxons assumed control of Britain around the 7th century.
<p>
It is significant in Arthurian literature for placing King Arthur in the context of British monarch history. According to Geoffrey, Vortigern conspired with the Saxons to usurp the throne. Aurelius, the rightful heir, wrested back power and was succeeded by his brother, Uther Pendragon, who was the father of King Arthur.
</TD>
<TD><center><img src="http://seymourebel.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/geoffrey2.jpg" width=200></center><p></TD>
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Geoffrey introduced many of the ideas which would become benchmarks for many Arthurian stories to come. He created characters such as <a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2012/10/character-study-merlin.html">Merlin</a>, Uther Pendragon, and Guinevere. He also told stories of Arthur's conception at Tintagel, Excalibur, and the king's final days.
<p>
According to Geoffrey, Arthur assumed the throne at age 15 when his father dies. The new king fought a series of twelve battles against the Saxon barbarians, creating an empire including Ireland, Iceland, and the Orkney Islands.
<p>
Following twelve years of peace, he conquered Norway, Denmark, and Gaul. As he prepared to march on Rome, Arthur learned that his nephew Mordred, whom he left in charge of Britain, married Guinevere and seized the throne. Arthur returned to Britain and killed Mordred, but was left mortally wounded. He handed the crown to his kinsman Constantine and was taken to the isle of Avalon to be healed, but was never seen again.
<center><iframe src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=davesmucom-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=0140441700" style="width:120px;height:240px;" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" frameborder="0"></iframe></center>
<hr><b>Resources:</b><ul>
<li>Britannica.com: <a href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/267828/Historia-regum-Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a>
<li>Wikipedia.org: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a>
<li>Wikipedia.org: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Arthur">King Arthur</a>
<li>York University: <a href="http://www.yorku.ca/inpar/geoffrey_thompson.pdf">PDF version of book</a>
</ul></TD></TR></table><hr>
Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-67071341003790628462013-02-10T02:12:00.000-06:002013-03-23T02:12:51.396-05:00Important Arthurian Works: Le Morte d'Arthur<table><TR valign="top">
<TD>
Sir Thomas Malory’s <i>Le Morte d’Arthur</i> was one of the earliest printed books in England and is probably the best-known work of English-language Arthurian literature today. It was originally written as eight books and then published as 21 books by William Caxton in 1485.
<p>
Malory likely started work on the project in the early 1450s while he was in prison and completed it by 1470. His aim was to create a comprehensive and authoritative collection of Arthurian stories. To that end, he largely translated the French <a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-vulgate-cycle.html">Vulgate Cycle</a> and compiled them with other Middle English sources.
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The original eight books were:<ul>
<li>Book I: From the Marriage of King Uther unto King Arthur that Reigned After Him and Did Many Battles (Caxton I–IV)
<li>Book II: The Noble Tale Between King Arthur and Lucius the Emperor of Rome (Caxton V)
<li>Book III: The Noble Tale of Sir Launcelot Du Lac (Caxton VI)
<li>Book IV: The Tale of Sir Gareth of Orkney (Caxton VII)
<li>Book V: The First and the Second Book of Sir Tristrams de Lione (Caxton VIII–XII)
<li>Book VI: The Noble Tale of the Sangreal (Caxton XIII–XVII)
<li>Book VII: Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere (Caxton XVIII–XIX)
<li>Book VIII: The Death of Arthur (Caxton XX–XXI)
</ul>
<center><iframe src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=davesmucom-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=1844030016" style="width:120px;height:240px;" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" frameborder="0"></iframe></center>
<hr><b>Resources:</b><ul>
<li>Arthurian-legend.com: <a href="http://www.arthurian-legend.com/summary-mort-darthur-00.php">Le Morte d’Arthur – summary of Malory’s story</a>
<li>Gutenberg.org: <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1251/1251-h/1251-h.htm">Le Morte d’Arthur</a> (entire text online)
<li>Wikipedia.org: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur">Le Morte d’Arthur</a>
</ul></TD></TR></table><hr>
Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-79474867971533867962013-01-15T02:09:00.000-06:002020-03-04T23:38:44.540-06:00The Legend of the Red and White Dragons<table><TR valign="top">
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In Welsh legend, the white dragon represents the enemy, the Saxons, while the red dragon represents Wales. In Arthurian legend, the red dragon is taken a step further to specifically represent the eventual triumph of Uther Pendragon and his son Arthur over the Saxon invasion of Britain.
<p>
Nennius introduced the story of Vortigern taking up with the Saxons to try to overthrow a Britain in turmoil after the departure of the Romans. He tries to build a castle, but the walls keep collapsing. His advisers tell him he must sacrifice a fatherless child to fix the problem.
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<TD><center><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIbh56zDgDanYBX9_k0XcwBYPEPumOSrzHyejB6h6kvi_YRU9LNB4oqiiyH8bYd3SqWYbvg4oJ0ajnOfPBQH2vQnvNaJvx2zu9XfucQ4TMH9YM1XRK_3FqMWxMP8aA8scsXpt2c7a_xKA/s320/red+and+white+dragon.jpg" width=200><p><i>image from <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/merlinbbc/comments/bzv3hd/the_white_dragon_bodes_well_for_albion_kilgharrah/?ref=readnext">reddit.com</a></i></center></TD>
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Future renditions of the Arthurian legend make this child Merlin (see his character study <a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2012/10/character-study-merlin.html">here</a>). The young wizard tells Vortigern that the castle collapses because there are two warring dragons in an underground pool beneath the castle.
<p>
In <i>Otter and Arthur and the Round Table</i>, the legend emerges when Merlin takes Arthur to visit Stonehenge. Arthur is eager to know more about his background and Merlin shares some of the details of how Arthur's father, Uther Pendragon, came to power. The idea of the battling dragons emerges by the end of the story when Morgan uses her shapeshifting power to turn herself into a dragon. Luckily her attack is thwarted by Otter, who has also learned the power of shapeshifting.
<hr><b>Resources:</b><ul>
<li><a href="http://notableinklings.blogspot.com/2011/12/legends-of-red-and-white-dragons-and.html">Bo's Dragon Lore (NotableInklings.blogspot.com)</a>
<li>Ronan Coghlan (1993). <i>The Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Arthurian Legends</i> Barnes & Noble Books. Page 176.
<li>Geoffrey of Monmouth <a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/02/important-arthurian-works-historia.html"><i>Historia Regum Britanniae</i></a> (c. 1136)
<li>Justin E. Griffin (2001). <i>The Holy Grail: The Legend, the History, the Evidence</i>. McFarland & Company, Inc.: Jefferson, NC, and London. Page 10.
<li>Nennius <i>Historia Brittonum</i> (c. 828)
<li>Wikipedia.org entry: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merlin">Merlin</a>
<li>Wikipedia.org entry: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_dragon">White Dragon</a>
</ul>
<hr>
</TD></TR></table>Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-57847819813755958092012-12-28T10:15:00.000-06:002013-03-23T01:00:16.796-05:00The Legend of Stonehenge<center><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Stonehenge_%28sun%29.jpg" width=400><p><i>image from commons.wikipedia.org</i></center><p>
Stonehenge, the massive rock-circle monument on Salisbury Plain in the south of England, has been a source of intrigue for centuries. Eighty-five stones reach higher than 20 feet and some weighing more than 40 tons. Some appear to have been hauled from as much as 240 miles away. The structure is estimated to date back to as far as 3100 B.C., a time pre-dating writing, the use of cranes, and even the invention of the wheel.
<p>
Almost as puzzling as how it was created is why it was created. Among the theories are that it was created as a burial ground, served as a sort of farmer’s almanac, or was constructed as an observatory for tracking the movements of the stars and planets.
<p>
The astonishing structure and its mysteries have, not surprisingly, found their way into Arthurian legend. When Arthur’s father, Uther Pendragon, took the throne he wanted to build a monument to memorialize his brother, Aurelius Ambrosius, and those who had fallen in fighting off the Saxons. He enlisted Merlin to travel to Ireland and magically move the giant stones, known as the Giant’s Dance, to Wiltshire, England, where Stonehenge now stands. See “<a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-legend-of-red-and-white-dragons.html">The Legend of the Red and White Dragons</a>” and “<a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2012/10/character-study-merlin.html">Character Study: Merlin</a>” for more details.
<p>
In <i>Otter and Arthur and the Round Table</i>, Stonehenge is pivotal to Arthur’s understanding of his heritage and his future. Merlin takes the young, doubting king to visit it. Where Uther Pendragon saw the massive structure as a symbol of power and strength, Arthur focuses on the circular structure as symbolic of unity and equality. His idea of building his kingdom around those principles – and an actual Round Table to represent those ideals – is born.
<hr><b>Resources:</b><ul>
<li>Ronan Coghlan (1993). <i>The Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Arthurian Legends</i>. Barnes & Noble Books.
<li>KingArthursKnights.com: <a href="http://www.kingarthursknights.com/structures/stonehenge.asp">The Structures of Arthurian Legend: Stonehenge</a>
<li>Video: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNF2PFmsaWk">How Stonehenge Was Built</a>, posted by Ahmed Boudjani.
<li>Video: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hafJmgEePo">Naked Science: Who Built Stonehenge?</a>
<li>Video: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKuE_NKu__8">National Geographic: Ancestral Stones</a>
<li>Video: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YYXuHVYFBEQ">National Geographic: New Stonehenge Discovery</a>
<li>Video: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-6oxmxPKoSE">National Geographic: Secrets of Stonehenge</a>
<li>Video: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhCskvXOpGI">National Geographic: Stonehenge Decoded</a>
<li>Video: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LQG6IWNUAms">National Geographic: Stonehenge Monument</a>
<li>Video: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-f4c3F9iEaY&feature=endscreen&NR=1">The Stonehenge Conspiracy</a>, posted by Plasingli.
<li>Video: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=pIZFO4tY9D0&feature=endscreen">Stonehenge Solstice Reconstruction</a>, posted by mille666
<li>Video: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yz0xNkMmAI">Stonehenge – Wiltshire, England</a>, posted by LearnFree2007.
<li>Video: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tWR9DOik6Bs">Stonehenge – Wonders of the World</a>, posted by Cosmic Awakening.
</ul>
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Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-42768724976037765812012-12-01T09:00:00.000-06:002013-02-19T22:28:48.278-06:00National Novel Writing Month<center><img src="http://laughingsquid.com/wp-content/uploads/nanowrimo1.jpg" width=350><p><i>image from laughingsquid.com</i></center>
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In November 2012, I participated in <a href="http://www.nanowrimo.org">National Novel Writing Month</a>, known as NaNoWriMo for short. The objective is to write the rough draft of a novel (50,000 words)in the month of November.
<p>
I've never been a steady, disciplined writer. The idea of writing a consistent 1500+ words a day was daunting. I hoped, though, that I could write in enough big spurts to pull it off.
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My other challenge was hitting 50,000 words with one project. It just couldn't be done. My primary goal was to write the first draft of <i>Otter and Arthur and the Round Table</i>, which will be the sequel to <i>Otter and Arthur and the Sword in the Stone</i>.
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However, that posed a problem. The first book runs about 26,500 words. I wasn't looking to change the word count for the second so doubling the size of the book wasn't a real option.
<p>
That meant cobbling together a couple projects. I also write non-fiction books about music history and was in the early stages of an intended book called <i>The Top 100 Albums of All Time</i>. Learn more about that project at <a href="http://www.thetop100albumsofalltime.com/">www.thetop100albumsofalltime.com</a>.
<p><center><img src="http://whitgunn.freeservers.com/Davemusic/-books/top_100_albums_cover_small.jpg" width=150></center><p>
By tag-teaming the two books with some other smaller writing projects, I pulled it off! 52,045 words in 30 days. Woo hoo! I did it!
<p><center><img src="http://whitgunn.freeservers.com/writbywhit/nanowrimo.jpg" width=200></center><hr>Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-39787723632674752142012-11-28T09:00:00.000-06:002013-02-10T15:44:15.328-06:00Otter and Arthur on TV!<center><img src="http://kctv.images.worldnow.com/images/1705907_G.jpg" width=500></center>
<p>
On November 28, 2012, I appeared on the KCTV5 television show <a href="http://www.kctv5.com/category/243143/better-kansas-city"><i>Better Kansas City</i></a> (airing from 9:00am to 10:00am CST). I was interviewed about my book, <i>Otter and Arthur and the Sword in the Stone</i> and discussed the writing and publishing process.
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Here's a detailed version of the interview with links included:<p>
<b>How did the book come about?</b><br>
I’ve been a fan of King Arthur since I was a teenager. I wanted to share the stories with my kids, who are 10 and 7. However, books about King Arthur tend to be the equivalent of R-rated movies so I decided to write my own age-appropriate version. I focused on the young Arthur and how he is befriend by a mouse nicknamed Otter. This mouse is responsible for Arthur fulfilling the legend of pulling the sword from the stone and becoming king.
<p>
<b>Where can people find the book?</b><br>
The book is available through <a href="http://www.otterandarthur.blogspot.com/">OtterandArthur.com</a> and at <a href="http://www.bookandtoy.net/index.php?page=main¤tstore=6">Shawnee Books & Toys</a>.
<center><a href="http://www.bookandtoy.net/index.php?page=main¤tstore=6"><img src="http://images.secondspace.com/p/ESUP/v-/32/0E/F6/F0/9D/E8/9A/E9/7E/DA/AE/7F/6E/3F/EA/BF/aynr0xkekryL_01.jpg" width=200></a></center>
<b>What advice do you have for wannabe writers?</b><br>
Write, write, write. Don’t worry about whether it is good. Don’t worry about how many words you write each day. Don’t worry about whether you have your idea fleshed out. Don’t worry about editing. Just write. Get your ideas down on paper. The rest will come later.
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<b>So how you stick it out and finish a book?</b><br>
I recommend finding a writers’ group. I joined one I found through Meetup.com (<a href="http://www.meetup.com/writers-488/">The Kansas City Writers Meetup Group</a>) by just searching for writers’ groups in the Kansas City area. The advantage of such a group is having a support system. They keep you focused and give valuable feedback to help you fine-tune and finish.
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<center><a href="http://www.meetup.com/writers-488/"><img src="http://img2.meetupstatic.com/906521611995523788/img/header/logo.png" width=100></a></center>
<p>
<b>Your book is self-published. Why did you go that route instead of a traditional publisher?</b><br>
The traditional route is a long and hard journey. One must write query letters to try to get agents, expect to get rejected many times over, and – even in the best case scenario, be prepared for a couple years to go by before the book is published. Even then, there’s no guarantee how much marketing power a publishing company will put behind the book.
<p>
<b>What are the advantages of self-publishing?</b><br>
I can get the book out there as fast as I want and I make all the decisions. For this book, I hired professionals to edit it and do the book design, but someone could even do that themselves.
<p>
<b>So how does one get self-published?</b><br>
I use <a href="https://www.createspace.com/">CreateSpace.com</a>. It costs nothing, is easy to use, and is affiliated with <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Otter-Arthur-Sword-Stone-Whitaker/dp/1479106216/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1354013365&sr=8-1">Amazon</a>. You upload a jpeg cover and a pdf file of the book’s content. The book lists on Amazon as a print-on-demand title which means the author can order one copy or a hundred. You can also create an ebook version for Kindle.
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<a href="https://www.createspace.com/"><img src="https://createspacecommunity.s3.amazonaws.com/logolarge.PNG" width=75></a>
<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Otter-Arthur-Sword-Stone-Whitaker/dp/1479106216/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1354013365&sr=8-1"><img src="http://tctechcrunch2011.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/amazon-logo.jpeg?w=300" width=75></a>
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<p>Click on any of the above icons (CreateSpace, Amazon, Kindle) to go to those sites and purchase <i>Otter and Arthur and the Sword in the Stone</i>. You can also click on the "<a href="http://www.otterandarthur.blogspot.com/p/buy-book.html">Buy the Book</a>" tab on this site.
<hr>
Follow <a href="https://www.facebook.com/WritbyWhit">Writ by Whit</a> or <a href="https://www.facebook.com/OtterandArthur">Otter and Arthur</a> on Facebook for more about writing and this book in particular.
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Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-27827281867312321102012-11-22T07:04:00.002-06:002012-11-27T18:59:58.591-06:00Latest News on Otter and ArthurI haven't blogged in awhile, but it isn't for lack of news. Exciting things are happening with <i>Otter and Arthur</i>. I have done readings and appearances at schools, sold my book in conjunction with my sons' school book fair, and have an upcoming television appearance!
<p>
The chance to share the book at schools has been especially rewarding. Not only do I read selections of the book, but I talk to the kids about the process of writing a book and getting it published. At one appearance, I spoke to somewhere between 80-100 kids. The discussion started with me asking what kinds of stories they have written. Then I asked them what they thought my book was about just from looking at the cover. I love these discussions more than reading the book!
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<center><img src="http://kctv.images.worldnow.com/images/1705907_G.jpg" width=350></center>
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I'm looking forward to my first television appearance (11/28/12, 9:00am, KCTV5). I will be on the show <a href="http://www.kctv5.com/category/243143/better-kansas-city"><i>Better Kansas City</i></a>. I will be interviewed about the book and the process of becoming an author and getting self-published. In conjunction with the interview, the book will also be avaiable at <a href="http://www.bookandtoy.net/index.php?page=main¤tstore=6">Shawnee Books & Toys</a>.
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<center><img src="http://images.secondspace.com/p/ESUP/v-/32/0E/F6/F0/9D/E8/9A/E9/7E/DA/AE/7F/6E/3F/EA/BF/aynr0xkekryL_01.jpg" width=300></center>
<p>
You can check the <a href="http://www.otterandarthur.blogspot.com/p/events.html">Events</a> tab on this site for details on all of the aforementioned activities.
<p>
The book is now also available for Kindle. <a href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00A8R4CRM">Click here</a> for details.
<p>
<center><img src="http://a4.mzstatic.com/us/r1000/072/Purple/v4/84/e1/1a/84e11a41-dfdf-29ab-5877-8f22bb078f27/kindle.175x175-75.png" width=150></center>
<p>
I also got one of the best possible reviews I could ask for. A friend bought the book and as soon as she got home, her bookworm daughter disappeared to her bedroom with it. She didn't emerge until she'd finished the entire book. Her assessment? She loved it!
Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-29306201671128935252012-11-01T12:51:00.000-05:002012-11-27T22:04:41.973-06:00The Journal of Sir Gawain<center><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgD-7He44lay7PntgnkMqE8cUbO1HeYPUe0xDzVb6vOHDAPeQYF3OywAA9Zxk4CcxSYojWuofGkvyPwucnAI4akmXVfFoLKSbmrzXkNX0P1aAAK7GV8zsdiDPR_92P3gQi-jnpa66PPhWk/s320/Pettie%252C_The_Vigil.jpg" width=300><p><i>image of Sir Gawain from webring.org</i></center>
<p>
My interest in King Arthur dates to 1981 when I read John Steinbeck’s <i>The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights</i> in my 8th grade reading class. As an individual project, I opted to write a journal following the life of Sir Gawain for one month. The journal leads up to the quest of Gawain, Ewain, and Marhalt – a story told in Steinbeck’s <i>Acts</i>.
<p>
I have done minimal editing to the text, opting to preserve it as closely as possible to the original writing as done by my fourteen-year-old self.
<hr>
King Arthur project: The Journal of Sir Gwain<br>
By David Whitaker<br>
May 11, 1981<br>
Reading, 4th Hour<br>
<p>
Through writing this journal I have used literary skills, done research, spent a lot of time reading and writing, and have made good use of my imagination.
<p>
Through my research and reading, I have learned much more history of the Dark Ages. Some subtopics I have done a little or a lot of research include castles, clothing, religion, food, knighthood, armor, weapons, special celebration, and activities, illness, and technology.
<p>
My journal has allowed me to take a character from the text of <i>The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights</i> and give my opinions through that character. I have chosen to write about Sir Gawain because of his adventurousness as well as his boastful but courageous attitude.
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Sir Gawain seems to be and is a sort of a rascal. I feel that he has a warm, sensitive, emotional side also. Most have rarely seen this side though.
<p>
The journal begins with Gawain coming to Camelot to become a knight. After being knighted, he soon meets foes and friends and speeds into adventure. It doesn’t take long for Gawain to realize what being a knight is all about. Through his activities Gawain shows us the meaningfulness of being a knight.
<p>
<p>
<p>
<i>Here begins the journal of the activities and travels of Sir Gawain, son of King Lot of Orkney and nephew of King Arthur, throughout the merry month of May in the year 510 A.D.</i>
<hr><b>May 1:</b><br>
I, Gawain, son of King Lot of Orkney, became a knight on the first of May, year 510 A.D. I was one of two knighted upon this day. I set out on horseback at dawn yesterday. I rode to Camelot to ask King Arthur for the gift of knighthood.
<p>
Camelot was beautiful. The castle set high upon a hill with a moat around it. The castle had one main keep and four others. Built inside the walls were stables, peasant’s homes, the Lord and Lady’s quarters, cells, halls, a chapel, buttery, pantry, storage chambers, and many other rooms.
<p>
After my arrival, I requested my knighthood to Arthur. After his consent, I went through a night of vigil and then received Holy Communion.
<p>
That afternoon I became enraged and envious when Sir Pellinore, my father’s murderer, was recognized as a most honorable knight. I wished to take vengeance on him immediately, but held myself back.
<p><center><img src="http://www.uiweb.uidaho.edu/student_orgs/arthurian_legend/england/sites/camelot.jpg" width=300><p><i>image of Camelot from uiweb.uidaho.edu</i></center><p>
<hr><b>May 2:</b><br>
Waking early, I dressed and then left the guest chambers of Camelot. I went to the Great Hall for breakfast of grain, cheese, and cider. Gaheris, my brother and squire, and I then left Camelot to go hunting.
<p>
We each brought a steed. I also brought a falcon and a hound. We also brought spears, crossbows, and hunting knives for each of us. We succeeded in catching a hare and goshawk soon into the hunt. We caught a stag later on.
<p>
As we headed home, we came across Sir Torre, who was shooting with a crossbow. Noticing his poor shooting, I attempted to give advice to him. However, he refused it, saying I insulted him. He then challenged me to a contest. I promptly beat him and he became enraged. He pulled his sword and leapt at me. I defended myself with parries and jabs. Soon Sir Brastias rode to us, broke up the joust, and sent us home.
<p>
Back at Camelot, Gaheris and I supped and retired to our quarters.
<p><center><img src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_maqqhlIBq01qd76v5o1_500.jpg" width=400><p><i>image of Gawain and his brothers Agravain, Gaheris, and Mordred; from tumblr.com</i></center><p>
<hr><b>May 3:</b><br>
On the third of May, the Round Table held council. I went to Arthur and asked to be permitted in, but he refused me. I left cursing him under my breath. A knight stopped me and said, “Sir Knight, it is not wise to curse thy king. Watch thy tongue or it may be slit!”
<p>
I left and found interest in talk of Arthur and Guinevere’s wedding. I heard a peasant say, “Arthur is a bastard son and believer of the Christian faith. He is not fit to be Guinevere’s husband for she is fair and beautiful.”
<p>
I said, “Do not speak such words of thy king! Thee commits treason and deserves to be hanged for your king is mighty, courageous, and honorable!”
<p>
With that, I left the peasants. The rest of the day was slow and gloomy. That night I went to rest uneasily, for showers had set in.
<hr><b>May 4:</b><br>
The day went slowly. Gaheris and I had planned to go to West Camel, the market place, but the weather was not pleasant.
<p>
Most everyone stayed inside the castle and entertained themselves with singing and dancing or small tasks. I participated in some of the merriment, but couldn’t enjoy it. I felt somewhat better mid-afternoon when the weather conditions improved, but I still could not shake the feeling of despair.
<p>
Talk of the wedding circulated as it was only two days off. I listened to some of the conversation, but remained uninterested. I perked up a little at supper, but still felt gloomy and went to bed early.
<hr><b>May 5:</b><br>
The morning was sunny and warm. I felt tired, but cheerful of the weather.
<p>
Gaheris and I left mid-morning to West Camel where I hoped to find a cobbler to make new sandals for me.
<p>
We found a cobbler soon after our arrival. I gave him designs and instructions and then set about to do more tasks.
<p>
Gaheris and I dined with a few friends and I shortly met a damsel to my liking. Before we took leave, a knight approached and asked my damsel for her love. I told the knight that the maiden Guyvene was mine asked him to leave. He angered and drew his sword and slain her in his jealousy.
<p>
I asked of his name. “I am Sir Anthony de Thornborough of King Arthur’s court.”
<p>
“I shall have vengeance on thee,” I replied. “Thee will one day fall to thy knees and beg for mercy and thee will one day be destroyed.” And with that, Gaheris and I returned to Camelot.
<hr><b>May 6:</b><br>
King Arthur and Guinevere’s wedding was beautiful and exciting. After the marriage ceremony, there was a large three-course dinner followed by entertainment from jesters, jugglers, and harpists. Chess, singing, and dancing was also present.
<p><center><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzheKr-Puq44gTw0Qsk_R6QR4UL3A4r_wx6NFEDQhRut8aCaWZBsu92buDXYAYvBvXkdtkR9GiNl4n1m5OYeXVlk7TSMB2Yfkn-cOkvaShS65vlURHsGb7vBqbK-b6yFyr4q8R0SqayPE/s1600/cr-GuillaumeVrelant-TheMarriageOfArthur-Guinevere+15th+century.jpg" width=300><p><i>image of the marriage of Arthur and Guinevere from medieval-bride.blogspot.com</i></center><p>
Then, as predicted by Merlin, a pack of black hounds and a white brachet ran into the hall pursuing a stag. A knight took the brachet and rode off. A lady then rode into the court and demanded her brachet. She was taken by a knight who galloped off as fast as he had come.
<p>
I was instructed to go in quest of the stag. Gaheris and I came across two quarreling brothers and sent them to King Arthur. We then came across a knight whom I had to joust with and I killed him.
<p>
We caught the stag and killed it at a castle. A knight came from the castle and fought me because I’d killed his stag. I promptly defeated him and prepared to kill him.
<p>
It so happened a damsel ran and tripped over the knight just as I prepared to swing the sword towards his neck. I accidentally struck and killed the fair maiden. I then sent the knight to King Arthur.
<p>
Next Gaheris and I were unfortunately captured by four knights. Then we were saved by four young maidens who pleased for our lives.
<hr><b>May 7:</b><br>
The next morning the maidens pleaded for our release after learning my relationship to the king. We rode back to Camelot and reported the adventures of our quest to Arthur and Guinevere.
<p>
After hearing my tale, Queen Guinevere commanded I would serve and protect all ladies. She then proclaimed I must swear to be merciful and courteous.
<hr><b>May 8:</b><br>
Upon this day I was in my first tournament. The tourney began with the presentation of the knights’ banners in a glorious parade. We knights were then dressed in our full armor by our esquires.
<p>
I fenced with one opponent upon this day – Sir Anthony of Thornborough. This came about after I had told Arthur of Sir Anthony. Arthur proclaimed trial by combat and that the winner would receive all of the loser’s property. So it was.
<p>
I charged at Sir Anthony on my steed with lance and shield ready. We clashed and both lances shattered. Our esquires provided us with new ones and we charged once more. This time only Sir Anthony’s lance shattered. I dismounted to face him. We parried and jabbed until we both had lost much blood. He finally fell to his knees for mercy. I was declared the winner and Sir Anthony had to give up his property and was banned from Camelot.
<hr><b>May 9:</b><br>
Gaheris and I went to Sir Anthony’s lands on the 9th of May. The lands were of great beauty, yet less than the land of Camelot. Upon the lands was a small castle located at the fork of the Yeo and Cam rivers. It was fairly new, small, fancy, and well defended. We slept in the castle that night and I found it very restful. I named the castle and lands around it Cuchullin. We now live there.
<hr><b>May 10:</b><br>
Gaheris and I rode back to our original home and gathered our belongings. We loaded our things in carts and rode back towards Cuchullin.
<p>
As it was already afternoon, we stopped and ate of stewed pork, nuts, and grain and drank ale. After our dinner we rode on and soon arrived back at Cuchullin. It already began to seem like home.
<p>
I had a servant clean my mail as I went out hunting. I caught a stag and two birds and brought them back to be prepared for supper. After a small supper, I turned in at dusk.
<p><center><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgveVBhViS-fwat__c97KyYPL4Ua4pammGeMXY143x4Ub8XUToxK0PKoEtY8uw1mnnXgT4ua7WuiH8VaX7BF07sr-cdwBfRubM42mMp-CbBdEHn4pgnh5HcpG3kaLITJW2MpXJCLSmhktg/s320/hunting+scene.jpg" width=300><p><i>image of Medieval hunt from goodreads.com</i></center><p>
<hr><b>May 11:</b><br>
I took up friendship with a man at Cuchullin by the name of Dackery. Dack, as I called him, was previously esquire to Sir Anthony, who he hated very much. In the afternoon of this fine day, Dack and I set out to the forests to test our skills. He proved competitive and I said he should become a knight. On that very afternoon we rode to Camelot and Dack asked Arthur for knighthood. Arthur refused Dack after learning he had been esquire to Sir Anthony. Dack explained his hate for his master and Arthur forgave him and made him a knight.
<hr><b>May 12:</b><br>
Dack, Gaheris, and I set out for a trip to Stonehenge. We packed lightly and set out towards Salisbury.
<p>
There were few good paths, if even a path. However, because of the warm weather, the shade from the overhead trees felt good to us. After several hours of riding, we rested and ate. It was a light dinner followed by a good nap.
<p>
The afternoon seemed to pass by quickly and we soon found ourselves eating supper. After we had supped, we talked and sang. We then fell to sleep soon after the sun had set.
<hr><b>May 13:</b><br>
We arose at dawn and began to prepare our breakfast. I set out alone to hunt for food.
<p>
The light was just appearing and I had to be careful. I glanced around me as I walked and then heard a faint noise. I listened carefully and identified the noise as howling wolves. I shivered and walked even more conscientiously.
<p>
The wolves were drawing closer. I moved even more cautiously – and then it happened. Before I knew it, several large gray wolves had pinned me down and their clamping jaws and clawing feet pained me even through my mail. I bled severely and yelped in pain.
<p>
My hand then touched my scabbard. In the blink of an eye, I pulled out my sword and slashed about wildly, killing each of the wolves. I lay in great pain hoping Gaheris or Dack would find me before a creature of the wild.
<p>
Dack eventually discovered me. “As the time had grown on,” he said, “and the hours passed, we began to worry. Our worries grew at the sound of yelling and I came in search of thee.”
<p>
Gaheris and Dack made a stretcher for me and brought me to the nearest home. We then asked to be permitted in and the friar of the shack agreed.
<hr><b>May 14:</b><br>
We stayed at the peasant’s shack all day. I lay in bed, looking about me and talking and listening. The one-roomed hut was made up of a trestle table in the center of the earth-beaten floor, dishes of wood and pottery which sat on the table, several stools and benches around the table, a trunk, blankets, tools, and linen towels.
<p>
We talked of Christian and Pagan religions. All in the room spoke of being Christian, yet formerly of Pagan religion. I told of Arthur’s influence to Christianity in his court. We continued to talk all afternoon and then supped and fell to sleep.
<hr><b>May 15:</b><br>
We set out once more. We travelled little on that day before arriving at Stonehenge. The large stones sat in circles and captivated us. We wondered why someone had gone to the trouble of erecting this. We discussed numerous possibilities. Gaheris and I felt it was kind of a temple while Sir Dack said it was an observatory.
<p>
Our attention remained on Stonehenge for a long while. We discussed it well into the night. We fell asleep several hours after dusk. As I dropped off to sleep, I thought of the captivating and mystifying Stonehenge.
<p><center><img src="http://img.timeinc.net/time/daily/2009/0903/360_stonehenge_0319.jpg" width=300><p><i>image of Stonehenge from Time.com</i></center>
<hr><b>May 16:</b><br>
We packed up camp after we had eaten our breakfast. We left Stonehenge soon afterwards. We didn’t want to leave, but we also wanted to return to Cuchullin.
<p>
We ate a good but speedy meal when we sat down to dinner at noon. We then set out once more, hoping to reach Camelot by sun down and stay there for the night.
<p>
In the later afternoon we stopped and rested. We heard noises and hunted them down. We found the noises to be several wild boar. We killed one but the others escaped.
<p>
We did make our schedule and arrived at Camelot in time for supper. We gave our boar to the cooks and ate it for supper. We then turned in so we could get up early and head for Cuchullin.
<hr><b>May 17:</b><br>
We finally returned home. It was only a couple hours worth of riding after leaving Camelot. The castle was no different than it was at our departure. The swift routine that came already bored me. So it was. We at the normal foods, enjoyed the regular entertainment, and followed the regular schedule. I guess part of living in a castle is the routine that comes with it. I realized I would rather live in the castle than not. I went to bed that night at the usual hour and soon dozed off.
<hr><b>May 18:</b><br>
I returned to Camelot where many knights gathered for a small tourney to practice their martial skills. The tourney consisted of jousting, archery, and skills also of lance, knife, shield, spear, and stag. I won as many times as I was defeated.
<p>
We knights also took up charging at the target dummies. In this skill we rode on horse with lance in hand and charged at the target. If we hit with a blow off-center, the dummy swung and dealt us a swift blow. I was hit several times and once was knocked clean off my horse.
<p>
At the tourney, I gave invitation for a feast to several knights. I had planned for a feast at Cuchullin soon and decided now was as good a time as any.
<p>
I rode back to Cuchullin with Sir Dackery afterwards. I then supped and went to bed soon after.
<p><center><img src="http://www.plasticsoldierreview.com/Features/BattleSetITA6109Box.jpg" width=300><p><i>image of a toy set with target dummies from plasticsoldierreview.com</i></center><p>
<hr><b>May 19:</b><br>
Sir Dackery left on a quest. Arthur had proposed that he set out and prove his honor. I knew not how long it would be before I saw Dack again so I rode with him for awhile. I saw him off and prayed for his luck before returning to Cuchullin.
<p>
The day moved slowly. I was lonely for I missed my friend. I could not find interest in anything. My food was tasteless and the entertainment was boring. I remained sad throughout the day. My spirits never rose.
<hr><b>May 20:</b><br>
Gaheris and I went to West Camel to get my sandals. When we arrived at the market, the cobbler was just putting the finishing touches on my sandals. We waited until he was done and then I tried them on. They fit perfectly and I told him so.
<p>
The cobbler replied, “It hath taken me two weeks. I hope thee will pay me well.”
<p>
I opened my money bag and brought out two coins. Laying them in his palm, I said, “I hope thee will accept this and accept it well.”
<p>
“Yes! Yes!” he cried. “I accept this money from thee gracefully!”
<p>
Gaheris and I soon went back to Cuchullin and finished up the day.
<hr><b>May 21:</b><br>
I began preparations for a feast. I planned who would be my guests, what food would be served, and what entertainment would be provided. Some of the work I had done days back, but a lot I’d just begun.
<p>
The servants spent the day preparing and cooking food. I inspected all the food and made sure everything ran accordingly. I also had to discuss various things with household members such as the steward, butler, pantler, baker, and cook. I sent messengers to give invitations to the guests.
<p>
I planned for usual entertainment such as singing, dancing, lute players, harpists, jugglers, and jesters. I had few problems planning the feast. I hoped the real thing would turn out well.
<hr><b>May 22:</b><br>
On the morning of the feast guests arrived continuously. Entertainment was provided as I made last minute preparations.
<p>
After all the guests had arrived, we sat down to feast. The first course was comprised of brewet, beef marrow fritters, and saltwater fish. Freshwater fish, broth with bacon, and pastries comprised the second course. The third course was made up of frumenty, fritters, sturgeon, and jellies. Finally, to finish off the meal we had sweets, spiced wine, and wafers.
<p>
We then had entertainment once more and afterwards the guests began to leave. They seemed to have enjoyed it, as I had. I went to bed that night feeling cheerful and delighted with the success of the feast. It had been a hit.
<p><center><img src="http://img3.photographersdirect.com/img/262/wm/pd1844676.jpg" width=300><p><i>image of a Medieval feast from photographersdirect.com</i></center><p>
<hr><b>May 23:</b><br>
Gaheris and I set out on our steeds with knives, spears, and crossbows. We headed north for a hunt. I soon saw a stag and sent my hound after it. I raced after my hound and caught up just as it pulled the stag down. I stabbed the stag as Gaheris rode up. He congratulated me on my catch and we set off again.
<p>
We looked towards a rider in the distance. As he grew nearer, I recognized him as Sir Anthony. I inquired where he was headed.
<p>
“West Camel,” he replied. He then told me news which made me burn with anger. “I have killed thy brined Sir Dackery,” he said and held up a head.
<p>
When I saw it, I leapt at Sir Anthony, knocking him off his horse. He pulled his sword and swung it. It cut deep into my left arm and there was much bloodshed. Gaheris took me back to Cuchullin and I was treated for the rest of the day.
<hr><b>May 24:</b><br>
I stayed in my bed at the castle all day. Servants provided entertainment to keep me in a joyful mood. Singers, dancers, harpists, lute players, and jesters kept me smiling brightly. I also played some chess and was served large meals.
<p>
When I went to bed that night I reflected on the events of the last two days. The pain in my arm and my anger returned. I vowed to kill Sir Anthony.
<hr><b>May 25:</b><br>
The day went much like the 24th except I was not nearly as happy. I lay in my bed ignoring the entertainment and dreaming of the day I would take vengeance on Sir Anthony of Thornborough. I ate large meals yet the food seemed as tasteless as the entertainment was joyless.
<p>
I went to sleep restlessly that night. My arm had improved and pained me little, but kept me up deep into the night.
<hr><b>May 26:</b><br>
I was very restless and demanded to be let out of bed. When I got up, I walked around the castle and even strolled outside. I exercised my arm with bow and arrow and strengthened my dexterity. My left arm still felt weak, but I could feel it beginning to strengthen.
<p>
I announced that I would leave and find Sir Anthony the next day and take my vengeance upon him. I readied my horse and gear for the trip. I planned to head towards West Camel the next morning.
<p><center><img src="http://fc01.deviantart.net/fs71/i/2010/197/1/d/Sir_Gawain_detail_by_quickreaver.jpg" width=250><p><i>image of Sir Gawain from quickreaver.deviantart.com</i></center>
<hr><b>May 27:</b><br>
I set out early the next morning for West Camel. When there, I questioned people as to where I could find Sir Anthony. About ready to give up, I sat down to dinner. A man came up to me and inquired, “Art not thou Sir Gawain, the man on quest after Sir Anthony?”
<p>
“Yes! Yes!” I replied. “Doth thou knowest where he goes?”
<p>
“Ay! A lad who called himself Sir Anthony was here but two days ago. He said he was moving on down south to build himself a home.”
<p>
“Thank ye!” I said, already running to my horse.
<p>
I had to stop that night before finding Sir Anthony, but was determined to fin him the next morning.
<hr><b>May 28:</b><br>
Next morning I rode south until I saw a half-built crude house. I looked around but found no one.
<p>
I soon heard a familiar voice. It was that of Sir Anthony. I hid in the hut and awaited him. When he walked in, I pounced on him and we began bloody combat. We jabbed, cut, and parried for more than an hour, wounding each other severely. Finally he fell in weakness. He begged for mercy and I gave him none.
<p>
I rode on to Camelot, delighted that I had killed my worst enemy. It happened that on that day Sir Ewain was asked to leave Camelot and prove his honor. I felt he was dishonored and vowed to go with him.
<p><center><img src="http://www.heritage-festival.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/KnightFight.jpg" width=300><p><i>image of medieval combat from heritage-festival.org</i></center><p>
<hr><b>May 29:</b><br>
Ewain and I set out on quest after finishing preparations to make leave of Camelot. We became friends with Sir Marhalt after I fought him. I was getting the better of the knight at first. When we continued after a rest, my strength had waned and Marhalt defeated me. He then agreed to ride on quest with us. We stayed at his castle that night and planned to set out at sunrise.
<hr><b>May 30:</b><br>
Upon the morning, we set out for the Forest of Array. At the forest, we found three women who sat at a fork in the road which split into three paths. The women volunteered to be our guides. We each chose one. I chose the youngest. We then promised to return to the fork at twelve months’ end.
<p>
I and my guide rode the northward path. As we rode, I modestly spoke of my courageousness to her. She said nothing. After a day of riding we stopped and stayed at a manor house for the night.
<hr><b>May 31:</b><br>
The old knight of the house took us to a field in the morning. There we witnessed a knight who allowed himself taken captive after defeating ten knights. We did not understand it, but could not get an answer to our questions.
<p>
I later jousted with a knight. We fought at his challenge. As I tilted with the knight, my damsel left me for another knight. I asked the knight about the sight I’d seen earlier with the knight who’d fought ten knights.
<p>
“You speaketh of Sir Pelleas.”
<p>
When I told of my hope to find Sir Pelleas, the knight said I would not find him. Despite his lack of confidence, I vowed to set out and find Sir Pelleas, for I pitied him.
<p>
I knew not why Sir Pelleas had allowed his capture, nor did I know my chances of finding the knight yet I vowed to ride in search of Sir Pelleas on June the 1st.
<hr><i>And so, endeth the merry adventures of the boastful knight, Sir Gawain, in the merry month of May, 510 A.D.</i>
<hr><b>Bibliography</b><ul>
<li>Robert Delort. <i>Life in the Middle Ages</i>. New York; Universe Books. 1973.
<li>Joseph and Frances Gies. <i>Life in a Medieval Castle</i>. New York; Harper and Row. 1979.
<li>Christopher Hibbert. <i>The Search for King Arthur</i>. New York; Harper and Row. 1969.
<li>Elizabeth Jerkins. <i>The Mystery of King Arthur</i>. New York; Coward, McCann and Geoghegan, Inc. 1975.
<li>Sir Thomas Malory. <i>Le Morte d’Arthur</i>. New York; Bramhall House. 1962.
<li>John Steinbeck. <i>The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights</i>. Toronto; McGraw-Hill. 1977.
<li>Reay Tannahill. <i>Food in History</i>. New York; Stein and Day. 1973.
</ul><hr>
<p>Not referenced here, but definitely the most famous story involving Sir Gawain:
<p>
<center><iframe src="http://rcm.amazon.com/e/cm?lt1=_blank&bc1=000000&IS2=1&bg1=FFFFFF&fc1=000000&lc1=0000FF&t=davesmucom-20&o=1&p=8&l=as4&m=amazon&f=ifr&ref=ss_til&asins=0393334155" style="width:120px;height:240px;" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" frameborder="0"></iframe></center>
<hr>
Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-17662162015510195312012-10-28T23:52:00.000-05:002020-03-05T00:37:54.952-06:00Character Study: Morgan le Fay<table><TR align="top">
<TD>In Arthurian legend, Morgan le Fay (also known as Morgan le Faye, Morgane, Morgaine, and Morgana) is typically characterized as King Arthur's half-sister and an evil sorceress. Her mother is Lady Igraine and her father is Gorlois, the Duke of Cornwall. Her father is killed in battle with Uther Pendragon, who has a son, Arthur, with Igraine. Morgan has two older sisters, Elaine and Morgause.
<p>
She was first introduced to Arthurian legend by Geoffrey of Monmouth in <i>Vita Merlini</i> (c. 1150). She was portrayed as an enchantress, shape-shifter, and the oldest of nine sisters. However, her origin may date back to Celtic mythology and the Welsh goddess Modron. Chrétien de Troyes viewed her in <i>Erec and Enide</i> as a healer. In Sir Thomas Malory's <i>Le Morte d'Arthur</i>, she steals King Arthur's sword, Excalibur, and plots to kill him.
</TD>
<TD><center><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW8gex0-uUtdSlsGH0yhk011yz0oJycYc0wUT0XEuxaexKzDF5XCYrYG7SUQcp4q5M5J3wwr08HgDnjgfOky0s53D9DWYYLuI2gCp2ypDKb92hmhP_tlUeOLnmey5A1s8QzOGKShCAR9s/s320/morgan+le+fay.jpg" width=250><p><i>image from <a href="https://www.artfinder.com/product/morgan-le-fay-df7a/#/">artfinder.com</i></a></center></TD>
</TR></table>
<table><TR><TD>
In <i>Otter and Arthur and the Sword in the Stone</i>, Morgan is portrayed as Arthur's half-sister and arch enemy. She is determined to kill Arthur in hopes of ascending the throne. When her plan fails, she disappears in anger at the end of the book, determined to get revenge.
<p>
The sequel, <i>Otter and Arthur and the Round Table</i>, will underscore her evil nature and determination to destroy her younger brother. She becomes a composite of several figures in Arthurian legend. In the <i>Otter and Arthur</i> books, she is the mother of Mordred, the traitor who destroys Camelot. His father is King Lot, who had another son, Sir Gawain, from a previous marriage. In Arthurian legend, Gawain and Mordred are both the biological sons of Morgause.
<p>
<i>Otter and Arthur and the Round Table</i> will also unfold how Morgan imprisons Merlin by tricking him into giving up his magic. In Arthurian legend, this is typically done by Nivaine, a young sorceress with whom Merlin falls in love.
<hr><b>Resources:</b><ul>
<li><a href="http://www.arthurian-legend.com/more-about/more-about-arthur-8.php">Arthurian-legend.com</a>
<li>Ronan Coghlan (1993). <i>The Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Arthurian Legends</i> Barnes & Noble Books.
<li><a href="http://www.kingarthursknights.com/others/morganlefay.asp">KingArthursKnights.com</a>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_le_Fay">Wikipedia</a>
</ul>
<hr>
</TD></TR></table>Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-584424678079825173.post-10283230257157892182012-10-22T13:13:00.000-05:002013-04-03T13:17:37.457-05:00Character Study: Sir Kay<table><TR valign="top">
<TD>
Sir Kay (aka Cai, Caius, Cei, Kai, Kei, Kes, Keu, Kex, or Queux) is one of the earliest figures to appear in Arthurian legend, having surfaced in the tenth century poem <i>Pa Gur</i>, classic early Welsh texts such as <i>Culwch and Olwen</i>, and the 12th century French poem <i>Tristan and Iseult</i>. The Vulgate Cycle and <i>Le Morte d’Arthur</i> established the story of Kay’s father, Sir Ector, adopting Arthur and raising him as Kay’s foster brother. When Arthur became king, Kay became the senseschal at Camelot, which meant he oversaw operations at the castle such as the supervision of the servants. He was one of the first Knights of the Round Table.
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The works of Chrétien de Troyes depicted Kay as a troublemaker prone to incompetence, stubbornness, bragging, and a volatile temper. He is often depicted of manipulative of his brother, but ultimately as one of Arthur’s most loyal knights. Different accounts have Kay being killed by the Romans or in the war against Mordred, Arthur’s traitorous son. The 13th century French Arthurian romance <i>Perlesvaus</i> is one of the few sources which characterizes Kay as a traitor with him murdering Arthur’s son, Loholt.
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<TD><center><img src="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_ljgna2csyu1qad6aso1_500.jpg" width=200><p><font size="-1">image from tumblr.com/tagged/sir kay of Peter Mooney as Kay in the Starz TV series, <i>Camelot</i></center></font><p></TD>
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<i>Otter and Arthur and the Sword in the Stone</i> follows Kay and Arthur as they are tutored by Merlin. The book unfolds the familiar tale of Arthur as a squire for Kay in a jousting tournament. Arthur searches frantically for a replacement when Kay’s sword turns up missing and ends up pulling the sword from the stone and becoming king.
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In the sequel, <i>Otter and Arthur and the Round Table</i>, Kay has been made seneschal at Camelot, but is secretly plotting against his brother. He aligns himself with Arthur’s bitterest enemies – <a href="http://www.otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/03/character-study-king-lot.html">King Lot</a> and <a href="http://www.otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2012/10/character-study-morgan.html">Morgan</a>, Lot’s wife and Arthur’s half-sister.
<hr><b>Resources:</b><ul>
<li>Anonymous <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culhwch_and_Olwen"><i>Culhwch and Olwen</i></a> (c. 1100)
<li><a href="http://www.otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/03/important-arthurian-works-chretien-de.html">Chrétien de Troyes</a> <i>Lancelot, le Chevalier de la Charrette (Lancelot, the King of the Cart)</i> (c. 1162)
<li><a href="http://www.otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/03/important-arthurian-works-chretien-de.html">Chrétien de Troyes</a> <i>Perceval, le Conte du Graal (Perceval, the Story of the Grail)</i> (c. 1180)
<li>Ronan Coghlan (1993). <i>The Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Arthurian Legends</i> Barnes & Noble Books.
<li><a href="http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/bios/kay.html">EarlyBritishKingdoms.com</a>
<li><a href="http://www.kingarthursknights.com/knights/kay.asp">KingArthursKnights.com</a>
<li>Sir Thomas Malory <a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/03/important-arthurian-works-le-morte.html"><i>Le Morte d'Arthur</i></a> (1485)
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perlesvaus"><i>Perlesvaus</i></a> (early 13th century)
<li><a href="http://otterandarthur.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-vulgate-cycle.html">Vulgate Cycles</a> (c. 1225-1240)
<li><sup>WK</sup> Wikipedia.org: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Kay">Sir Kay</a>
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Dave Whitakerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00469458199584765423noreply@blogger.com0