Character Study: Guinevere

Guinevere (also Gwenhwyfar, Gwenivar, Guenevere or Guenever) is the the wife of King Arthur. She was first introduced to Arthurian legend by Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae. In most Arthurian legend, Arthur and Guinevere never have any children. The 12th century poem Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart by Chrétien de Troyes, introduced the story in which Guinevere falls for Lancelot, Arthur's supreme knight and best friend. It became canon, most notably in Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur. The love triangle story was the focus of the 1960 Broadway musical Camelot.

image from The Grandma Logbook

She is the daughter of King Leodegrance in French chivalric romances and later works based on them, most notably Le Morte d'Arthur. Her father served Arthur's father, Uther Pendragon. It is a common part of Arthurian legend that King Leodegrance gives Arthur the famous round table as a wedding present. In the Otter and Arthur series, Guinevere is introduced briefly in the first book, Otter and Arthur and the Sword in the Stone, and emerges as a strong female character in the second book, Otter and Arthur and the Round Table.

Resources: Chrétien de Troyes (12th century). Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart Geoffrey of Monmouth (c. 1136). Historia Regum Britanniae Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe (1960). Camelot (musical) Sir Thomas Malory (1485). Le Morte d'Arthur Wikipedia.org entry: Guinevere

Important Arthurian Legends: Sir Gawain & the Green Knight

image from British Literature to 1800 blog Many of the tales associated with Arthurian legend aren’t actually stories featuring Arthur. One of the most famous is that of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. It originated as a 14th-century Middle English poem. Its original author (sometimes known as “The Pearl Poet”) is unknown, but it has been retold in many forms. The essence of the story is that of a knight on a quest. A mysterious green knight appears at Camelot during a feast sometime around Christmas or New Year’s and offers up a challenge to the knights present. Sir Gawain takes up the challenge and chops off the head of the green knight. However, the knight then picks up his head, puts it back on, and informs Gawain that his half of the deal will be due in one year. The green knight then gets his turn to drop the axe on Gawain’s neck.

True to his word, Gawain sets out the next fall to find the Green Chapel, the home of the green knight. He has several adventures, but the most notable is meeting up with Lord Bertilak who puts Gawain up in his castle and promises to show him to the Green Chapel when the time is right. Gawain’s chivalry is tested by the lord’s tempting wife. Gawain passes the test which leads to him surviving the confrontation with the green knight. It turns out the green knight is actually Bertilak. The tale is relevant to Otter and Arthur in that Gawain’s confrontation with the green knight – and a search for the Holy Grail – provides the inspiration for the as-yet unwritten third book in the series. Resources: Anonymous the original poem, as edited by J.R.R. Tolkien and E.V. Gordon (late 14th century) A.S. Kline’s translation of the original poem (2007) Michael Morpurgo (author) and Michael Foreman (illustrator): adapted into an illustrated children’s book Shmoop.com: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: In a Nutshell Jessie L. Weston’s prose translation of the original poem Wikipedia.org: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

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